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Medical Therapy

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in Fertility Care

Medical therapy for endometriosis mainly involves the use of hormonal medications to control or suppress the growth of endometriotic tissue.

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Medical Therapy

What is It ?

Medical therapy for endometriosis mainly involves the use of hormonal medications to control or suppress the growth of endometriotic tissue. These treatments reduce pain and inflammation, but importantly, they do not improve fertility outcomes directly. In fact, many of these therapies suppress ovulation, making conception less likely while on treatment.

Instead, medical therapy is typically used for symptom management or to prepare the body for later fertility treatments such as IVF.

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When It is Considered ?

  • To manage symptoms (pain, heavy bleeding, inflammation) in women with endometriosis who are not currently trying to conceive.
  • Before assisted reproductive treatments (like IVF) sometimes medical therapy is given for a few months to “quiet” the disease, improving IVF results.
  • When surgery is not immediately possible due to medical or personal reasons.
  • To prevent recurrence of endometriosis after surgery, though not as a long-term fertility solution.

Types of Medical Therapy

  • Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs) – Suppress menstruation and reduce pain, but also prevent pregnancy, so not useful when actively trying to conceive.
  • Progestins (oral, injectable, or IUD-based) – Thin the endometrial lining and shrink endometriotic lesions.
  • GnRH Agonists/
    Antagonists –     Induce a temporary “menopause-like” state, reducing estrogen and suppressing endometriosis activity. Sometimes followed by IVF for better results.
  • Aromatase Inhibitors – Lower estrogen production, occasionally used in resistant cases.
  • NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) – Relieve pain but do not affect fertility outcomes.

Step Process

Treatments

Step 1 : Evaluation
  • Doctors assess symptoms, disease severity, and fertility goals.
  • Based on whether the goal is pain relief, delaying surgery, or preparing for IVF.
  • Most medical therapies are prescribed for 3–6 months, as longer use can suppress ovulation and delay pregnancy chances.
  • After medical therapy, patients may undergo surgery or transition to assisted reproductive techniques like IVF to pursue conception.

Results & Outcomes

  • Symptom relief: Highly effective in reducing pelvic pain, painful periods, and inflammation.
  • Fertility impact: Does not restore natural fertility while on treatment, since ovulation is usually suppressed.
  • Improved IVF outcomes: Pretreatment with GnRH agonists for a few months before IVF can increase pregnancy rates in moderate-to-severe endometriosis.
  • Temporary effect: Symptoms and lesions may return after stopping treatment, so it is often combined with other fertility interventions.
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