Female Infertility
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in Fertility Care
Male infertility is the inability of a sexually mature male to cause a pregnancy in a fertile female after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse.
Female Infertility
What is It ?
Female infertility is diagnosed when a woman is unable to achieve pregnancy after
- One year of trying if under 35 years old
- Six months if 35 years or older
This condition may result from various factors affecting the female reproductive system.
Types of Female Infertility
- Primary Infertility: Never having conceived despite trying.
- Unexplained Infertility: No clear cause identified after evaluation.
- Secondary Infertility: Inability to conceive after previously having a child
Causes of Female Fertility
Ovulatory Disorders (25% of cases)
- Anovulation: Failure to release eggs, often due to hormonal imbalances.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A common cause of anovulatory infertility.
Tubal Factor Infertility (25–35%)
- Damage or blockage of fallopian tubes, often due to infections like chlamydia or endometriosis.
Uterine Factors
- Conditions like fibroids, polyps, or adhesions affecting the uterus.
Age-Related Factors
- Fertility declines significantly after age 35 due to reduced egg quality and quantity.
Hormonal Imbalances
- Issues such as hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction affecting ovulation.
Lifestyle and Environmental Factors
- Smoking, obesity, excessive alcohol, and exposure to toxins can impair fertility.
Step Process
Diagnostic Process
Step 1 : Blood Tests
- Assess hormone levels (e.g., FSH, LH, estradiol).
Step 2 : Ultrasound
- Visualize ovaries and uterus.
Step 3 : Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
- Evaluate fallopian tube patency.
Step 4 : Laparoscopy
- Minimally invasive surgery to examine reproductive organs.
Treatment Options
- Medications: Clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins to stimulate ovulation.
- Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): Direct placement of sperm into the uterus.
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Eggs fertilized outside the body and embryos implanted into the uterus.
- Surgical Interventions: For correcting anatomical issues like blocked tubes or fibroids.
Benefits of Treatment
- Improved chances of conception.
- Address underlying health conditions.
- Access to assisted reproductive technologies.
Results & Consideration
- IUI: Success rates vary; generally lower than IVF.
- IVF: Higher success rates, especially in younger women.
- Success depends on factors like age, cause of infertility, and treatment type.
